Today we know the complete atomic structure because of various atomic models proposed by several scientists. The first successful attempt was made by J. J. Thomson who discovered electrons through cathode ray experiment. He proposed an atomic model called as Plum-pudding model or Resin-bread model. According to this model; an atom is a positively charged body in which negatively charged electrons are distributed randomly. The equal number of electrons and protons made an atom neutral.
Later Ernst Rutherford followed same atomic model and performed gold foil experiment. Let’s start with Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment Explanation.
He studied the properties of alpha particles in 1898 and used them in his experiments to proposed Ernest Rutherford Atoms model.
He bombarded alpha particles on a thin gold foil of 8.6 x 10-6 centimeters thick and detected the deflection of these particles. If the J.J. Thomson model of an atom is correct; all the alpha particles should have passed directly through the gold foil. Rutherford used a zinc sulphide screen behind the foil as a backdrop for the alpha particles.
He placed a microscope just above this screen which allowed observing the contact between the alpha particles and the screen. For enhance the accurateness of the observations; he performed the experiment in dark.
But in Ernest Rutherford Atomic Theory Experiment; many alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil. However, a small hand full of particles deflected slightly from the straight path. A very less number of particle; around one in 20,000 particles would deflect at 90 degrees from the parent beam.
Overall Rutherfords Gold Foil Experiment Summary shows many deviations from plum-pudding model of Thomson. Rutherford approached to two conclusions; first that maximum volume of an atom is empty only and second is that an atom must have a positively charged centre.
This center occupies most of the mass of atom named as nucleus by Rutherford. The heavy, positively charged alpha particles would be deflected due to this nucleus only. Since the radius of nucleus is very less compare to atom; therefore number of deflected particles was very less. Since alpha particles are relatively heavy, positively charged particles, hence the occasional particle would be deflected by either a small or large margin due to nucleus.
In Rutherford atomic model; electrons were revolving around nucleus so this model is also called as planetary model as it looks like our solar system only. Later Neils Bohr proposed a Bohr’s atomic model in which he identified the concepts of orbits where electrons are placed with certain energy levels.
Later Ernst Rutherford followed same atomic model and performed gold foil experiment. Let’s start with Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment Explanation.
He studied the properties of alpha particles in 1898 and used them in his experiments to proposed Ernest Rutherford Atoms model.
He bombarded alpha particles on a thin gold foil of 8.6 x 10-6 centimeters thick and detected the deflection of these particles. If the J.J. Thomson model of an atom is correct; all the alpha particles should have passed directly through the gold foil. Rutherford used a zinc sulphide screen behind the foil as a backdrop for the alpha particles.
He placed a microscope just above this screen which allowed observing the contact between the alpha particles and the screen. For enhance the accurateness of the observations; he performed the experiment in dark.
But in Ernest Rutherford Atomic Theory Experiment; many alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil. However, a small hand full of particles deflected slightly from the straight path. A very less number of particle; around one in 20,000 particles would deflect at 90 degrees from the parent beam.
Overall Rutherfords Gold Foil Experiment Summary shows many deviations from plum-pudding model of Thomson. Rutherford approached to two conclusions; first that maximum volume of an atom is empty only and second is that an atom must have a positively charged centre.
This center occupies most of the mass of atom named as nucleus by Rutherford. The heavy, positively charged alpha particles would be deflected due to this nucleus only. Since the radius of nucleus is very less compare to atom; therefore number of deflected particles was very less. Since alpha particles are relatively heavy, positively charged particles, hence the occasional particle would be deflected by either a small or large margin due to nucleus.
In Rutherford atomic model; electrons were revolving around nucleus so this model is also called as planetary model as it looks like our solar system only. Later Neils Bohr proposed a Bohr’s atomic model in which he identified the concepts of orbits where electrons are placed with certain energy levels.