Endocrine System Adrenal
Introduction to endocrine adrenal:
The adrenal glands are small, triangular endocrine glands located on top of both kidneys. An adrenal gland is made of two parts: the outer region is called the adrenal cortex and the inner region is called the adrenal medulla. Both parts of the adrenal glands namely outer the adrenal cortex and the inner adrenal medulla .These two regions perform entirely different functions.
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The endocrine system -Adrenal cortex
The outer tissue region of adrenal gland is adrenal cortex. Within the adrenal cortex there are three zones known as the outer zona glomerulosa, the middle zona fasciculata, and the inner zona reticularis.
Endocrine function of adrenal cortex:
The adrenal cortex can be divided into three layers, called zonareticularis (inner layer), zona fasciculata (middle layer) and zona glomerulosa(outerlayer).
The adrenal cortex secretes many hormones,commonly called as corticoids.
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Androgenic steroids
Glucocorticoids:The corticoids, which are involved in carbohydrate metabolism are called glucocorticoids. In our body, cortisolis the main glucocorticoid.Glucocorticoids stimulate, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis and proteolysis;and inhibit cellular uptake and utilisation of amino acids. Cortisol is alsoinvolved in maintaining the cardio-vascular system as well as the kidneyfunctions. Glucocorticoids, particularly cortisol, produces antiinflamatoryreactions and suppresses the immune response. Cortisolstimulates the RBC production.
Mineralocorticoids:Corticoids, which regulate the balance of waterand electrolytes in our body are called mineralocorticoids. Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid in our body.Aldosterone acts mainly at the renaltubules and stimulates the reabsorption of Na+ and water and excretionof K+ and phosphate ions. Thus, aldosterone helps in the maintenance of electrolytes, body fluid volume, osmotic pressure and blood pressure.
Androgenic steroids:Small amounts of androgenic steroids are also secreted by the adrenal cortex which play a role in the growth of axial hair, pubic hair and facial-hair during puberty.
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The endocrine system -Adrenal medulla
The adrenal medulla secretes two hormones called adrenaline or epinephrine and noradrenaline or nor epinephrine. These are commonly called as catecholamines.
Adrenaline and noradrenaline:Adrenaline and noradrenaline are rapidly secreted in response to stress of any kind and during emergency situations and are called emergency hormones or hormones of Fight or Flight. These hormones increase alertness, pupilary dilation,piloerection (raising of hairs), sweating etc. Both the hormones increase the heart beat, the strength of heart contraction and the rate of respiration.Catecholamines also stimulate the breakdown of glycogen resulting inan increased concentration of glucose in blood. In addition, they also stimulate the breakdown of lipids and proteins.
The adrenal glands are small, triangular endocrine glands located on top of both kidneys. An adrenal gland is made of two parts: the outer region is called the adrenal cortex and the inner region is called the adrenal medulla. Both parts of the adrenal glands namely outer the adrenal cortex and the inner adrenal medulla .These two regions perform entirely different functions.
I like to share this Calculating Average Atomic Mass with you all through my article.
The endocrine system -Adrenal cortex
The outer tissue region of adrenal gland is adrenal cortex. Within the adrenal cortex there are three zones known as the outer zona glomerulosa, the middle zona fasciculata, and the inner zona reticularis.
Endocrine function of adrenal cortex:
The adrenal cortex can be divided into three layers, called zonareticularis (inner layer), zona fasciculata (middle layer) and zona glomerulosa(outerlayer).
The adrenal cortex secretes many hormones,commonly called as corticoids.
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Androgenic steroids
Glucocorticoids:The corticoids, which are involved in carbohydrate metabolism are called glucocorticoids. In our body, cortisolis the main glucocorticoid.Glucocorticoids stimulate, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis and proteolysis;and inhibit cellular uptake and utilisation of amino acids. Cortisol is alsoinvolved in maintaining the cardio-vascular system as well as the kidneyfunctions. Glucocorticoids, particularly cortisol, produces antiinflamatoryreactions and suppresses the immune response. Cortisolstimulates the RBC production.
Mineralocorticoids:Corticoids, which regulate the balance of waterand electrolytes in our body are called mineralocorticoids. Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid in our body.Aldosterone acts mainly at the renaltubules and stimulates the reabsorption of Na+ and water and excretionof K+ and phosphate ions. Thus, aldosterone helps in the maintenance of electrolytes, body fluid volume, osmotic pressure and blood pressure.
Androgenic steroids:Small amounts of androgenic steroids are also secreted by the adrenal cortex which play a role in the growth of axial hair, pubic hair and facial-hair during puberty.
Having problem with empirical formula from percent composition keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
The endocrine system -Adrenal medulla
The adrenal medulla secretes two hormones called adrenaline or epinephrine and noradrenaline or nor epinephrine. These are commonly called as catecholamines.
Adrenaline and noradrenaline:Adrenaline and noradrenaline are rapidly secreted in response to stress of any kind and during emergency situations and are called emergency hormones or hormones of Fight or Flight. These hormones increase alertness, pupilary dilation,piloerection (raising of hairs), sweating etc. Both the hormones increase the heart beat, the strength of heart contraction and the rate of respiration.Catecholamines also stimulate the breakdown of glycogen resulting inan increased concentration of glucose in blood. In addition, they also stimulate the breakdown of lipids and proteins.